Mechanical Properties

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Structural steel hot rolled, non-alloy steels
material		R_e [MPa]					R_m [MPa]
name	nr	d<16	≤40	≤63	≤80	≤100	<3	≤100
S235JR	1.0038	235	225	215	215	215	360-510	360-510
S235JO	1.0114	235	225	215	215	215	360-510	360-510
S235J2	1.0117	235	225	215	215	215	360-510	360-510
S275JR	1.0044	275	265	255	245	235	430-580	410-560
S275JO	1.0143	275	265	255	245	235	430-580	410-560
S275J2	1.0145	275	265	255	245	235	430-580	410-560
S355JR	1.0045	355	345	335	325	315	510-680	470-630
S355J0	1.0553	355	345	335	325	315	510-680	470-630
S355J2	1.0577	355	345	335	325	315	510-680	470-630
S355K2	1.0596	355	345	335	325	315	510-680	470-630
S450J0	1.0590	450	430	410	390	380	-	550-720
E295	1.0050	295	285				490-660	470-610
E335	1.0060	335	325				590-770	570-710
E360	1.0070	360	355				690-900	670-830

E295...E360: bearing and drive shafts, wear parts in natural hardness.

Structural steel
hot-rolled, non-alloy, normalized, weldable fine grain

material R_e [MPa] R_m [MPa] A

name nr d<16 ≤40 ≤63 ≤80 ≤100 ≤100 %

S275N 1.0490 275 265 255 245 235 370-510 23-24

S275NL 1.0491 275 265 255 245 235 370-510 23-24

S355N 1.0545 355 345 335 325 315 470-630 21-22

S355NL 1.0546 355 345 335 325 315 470-630 21-22

S420N 1.8902 420 400 390 370 360 520-680 18-19

S420NL 1.8912 420 400 390 370 360 520-680 18-19

S460N 1.8901 460 440 430 410 400 540-720 17

S460NL 1.8903 460 440 430 410 400 540-720 17

Structural steel
thermo-mechanically rolled, weldable fine grain

material R_e [MPa] R_m [MPa] A

name nr <16 ≤40 ≤63 ≤80 ≤100 ≤40 ≤63 ≤80 ≤100 %

S275M 1.8818 275 265 255 245 245 370-530 360-520 350-510 350-510 24

S275ML 1.8819 275 265 255 245 245 370-530 360-520 350-510 350-510 24

S355M 1.8823 355 345 335 325 325 470-630 450-610 440-600 440-600 22

S355ML 1.8834 355 345 335 325 325 470-630 450-610 440-600 440-600 22

S420M 1.8825 420 400 390 380 370 520-680 500-660 480-640 470-630 19

S420ML 1.8836 420 400 390 380 370 520-680 500-660 480-640 470-630 19

S460M 1.8827 460 440 430 410 400 540-720 530-710 510-690 500-680 17

S460ML 1.8838 460 440 430 410 400 540-720 530-710 510-690 500-680 17

Free cutting steel
not intended for heath treatment

name nr Diam [mm] Hardness [HB] Rm [MPa]

11SMn30
11SMNPb30
11SMn37
11SMnPb37 1.0715
1.0718
1.0736
1.0737 5≤10 - 380-570

10 < d ≤16 - 380-570

16 < d ≤40 112-169 380-570

40 < d ≤63 109-169 370-570

63 < d ≤100 107-154 360-520

Free cutting steel
case hardening steel, untreated

name nr Diam [mm] Hardness HB Rm [MPa]

10S20
10SPb20 1.0721
1.0722 5≤10 - 360-530

10 < d ≤16 - 360-530

16 < d ≤40 107-156 360-530

40 < d ≤63 107-156 360-530

6 3 < d ≤100 105-146 350-490

15SMn13 1.0725 5≤10 - 430-610

10 < d ≤16 - 430-600

16 < d ≤40 128-178 430-600

40 < d ≤63 128-172 430-580

6 3 < d ≤100 125-160 420-540

Free cutting steel
direct hardening steel

Untreated Quenched and Tempered

material Diam d Hardness Rm R_e R_m A

name nr mm HB [MPa] MPa MPa %min

35S20
35SPb20 1.0726
1.0756 5 ≤ d ≤10 - 550-720 430 630-780 15

10 < d ≤16 - 550-700 430 630-780 15

16 < d ≤40 154-201 520-680 380 600-750 16

40 < d ≤63 154-198 520-670 320 550-700 17

63 < d ≤100 149-193 500-650 320 550-700 17

36SMn14
36SMnPb14 1.0764
1.0765 5≤10 - 580-770 480 700-850 14

10 < d ≤16 - 580-770 460 700-850 14

16 < d ≤40 166-222 560-750 420 670-820 15

40 < d ≤63 166-219 560-740 400 640-790 16

63 < d ≤100 163-219 550-740 360 570-720 17

38SMn28
38SMnPb28 1.0760
1.0761 5≤10 - 580-780 480 700-850 15

10 < d ≤16 - 580-750 460 700-850 15

16 < d ≤40 166-216 560-730 420 700-850 15

40 < d ≤63 166-216 560-730 400 700-850 16

63 < d ≤100 163-207 550-700 380 630-800 16

44SMn28
44SMnPb28 1.0762
1.0763 5≤10 - 630-900 520 700-850 16

10 < d ≤16 - 630-850 480 700-850 16

16 < d ≤40 187-242 630-820 420 700-850 16

40 < d ≤63 184-235 620-790 410 700-850 16

63 < d ≤100 181-231 610-780 400 700-850 16

46S20
46SPb20 1.0727
1.0757 5≤10 - 590-800 490 700-850 12

10 < d ≤16 - 590-780 490 700-850 12

16 < d ≤40 175-225 590-760 430 650-800 13

40 < d ≤63 172-216 580-730 370 630-780 14

63 < d ≤100 166-211 560-710 370 630-780 14

Steels for quenching and tempering (quenched and tempered)
non-alloy quality steel

d <16　
t =<8 16 < d = < 40
8 < t = < 20

material R_e R_m A R_e R_m A

name nr MPa MPa % MPa MPa %

C35

1.0501

430

630-780

17

380

600-750

19

C40

1.0511

460

650-800

16

400

630-780

18

C45

1.0503

490

700-850

14

430

650-800

16

C55

1.0535

550

800-950

12

490

750-900

14

C60

1.0601

580

850-1000

11

520

800-950

13

Special steels

C22E

1.1151

340

500-650

20

290

470-620

22

C35E

1.1181

430

630-780

17

380

600-750

19

C40E

1.1186

460

650-800

16

400

630-780

18

C45E

1.1191

490

700-850

14

430

650-800

16

C50E

1.1206

520

750-900

13

460

700-850

15

C55E

1.1203

550

800-950

12

490

750-900

14

C60E

1.1221

580

850-1000

11

520

800-950

13

28Mn6

1.1170

590

800-950

13

490

700-850

15

Steels for quenching and tempering (Normalized)
non-alloy quality steel

d <16
t =< 16 16 < d = < 100
16 < t = < 100 100 < d = < 250
100 < t = < 250

material R_e R_m A R_e R_m A R_e R_m A

name nr MPa MPa % MPa MPa % MPa MPa %

C35 1.0501 300 550 18 270 520 19 245 500 19

C40 1.0511 320 580 16 290 550 17 260 530 17

C45 1.0503 340 620 14 305 580 16 275 560 16

C55 1.0535 370 680 11 330 640 12 300 620 12

C60 1.0601 380 710 10 340 670 11 310 650 11

Special Steels

C22E 1.1151 240 430 24 210 410 25 - - -

C35E 1.1181 300 550 18 270 520 19 245 500 19

C40E 1.1186 320 580 16 290 550 17 260 530 17

C45E 1.1191 340 620 14 305 580 16 275 560 16

C50E 1.1206 355 650 13 320 610 14 290 590 14

C55E 1.1203 370 680 11 330 640 12 300 620 12

C60E 1.1221 380 710 10 340 670 11 310 650 11

28Mn6 1.1170 345 630 17 310 600 18 290 590 18

Alloy steel (quenched and tempered)

d <16
t =<8 16 < d = < 40
8 < t = < 20

material R_e R_m A R_e R_m A

name nr MPa MPa % MPa MPa %

38Cr2 1.7003 550 800-950 14 450 700-850 15

46Cr2 1.7006 650 900-1100 12 550 800-950 14

34Cr4 1.7033 700 900-1100 12 590 800-950 14

34CrS4 1.7037 700 900-1100 12 590 800-950 14

37Cr4 1.7034 750 950-1150 11 630 850-1000 13

37CrS4 1.7038 750 950-1150 11 630 850-1000 13

41Cr4 1.7035 800 1000-1200 11 660 900-1100 12

41CrS4 1.7039 800 1000-1200 11 660 900-1100 12

25CrMo4 1.7218 700 900-1100 12 600 800-950 14

25CrMoS4 1.7213 700 900-1100 12 600 800-950 14

34CrMo4 1.7220 800 1000-1200 11 650 900-1100 12

34CrMoS4 1.7226 800 1000-1200 11 650 900-1100 12

42CrMo4 1.7225 900 1100-1300 10 750 1000-1200 11

42CrMoS4 1.7227 900 1100-1300 10 750 1000-1200 11

50CrMo4 1.7228 900 1100-1300 9 780 1000-1200 10

34CrNiMo6 1.6582 1000 1200-1400 9 900 1100-1300 10

30CrNiMo6 1.6580 1050 1250-1450 9 1050 1250-1450 9

35NiCr6 1.5815 740 880-1080 12 740 880-1080 14

36NICrMo16 1.6773 1050 1250-1450 9 1050 1250-1450 9

39NiCrMo3 1.6510 785 980-1180 11 735 930-1130 11

30NiCrMo16-16 1.6747 880 1080-1230 10 880 1080-1230 10

51CrV4 1.8159 900 1100-1300 9 800 1000-1200 10

20MnB5 1.5530 700 900-1050 14 600 750-900 15

30MnB5 1.5531 800 950-1150 13 650 800-950 13

38MnB5 1.5532 900 1050- 1250 12 700 850-1050 12

27MnCrB5-2 1.7182 800 1000-1250 14 750 900-1150 14

33MnCrB5-2 1.7185 850 1050 1300 13 800 950-1200 13

39MnCrB5-2 1.7189 900 1100-1350 12 850 1050-1250 12

Stainless steel (selection)

Material

R_m

R_e

A

name

nr
ANSI
MPa

MPa

%

X10CrNi18-8

1.4310

301

500...740

195...205

35...40

X8CrNiS-18-9

1.4305

303

500...700

190

35

X5CrNi18-10

1.4301

304

540...750

230

45

2CrNi19-11

1.4306

304L

520...660

250

45

2CrNi18-9

1.4307

304L

520...670

220

45

X5CrNiMo17-12-2

1.4401

316

540...680

195...205

35...40

X3CrNiMo17-13-3

1.4436

316

550...700

240

40

X2CrNiMo17-13-2

1.4404

316L

520...660

195

40

X2CrNiMo18-14-3

1.4435

316L

500...700

200

45

X6CrNiMoTi1712-2

1.4571

316Ti

540...680

215

40

X6CrNiTi18-10

1.4541

321

540...680

205

40

X12Cr13

1.4006

410

<600
　
20

X20Cr13

1.4021

420

<700
　
15

X30Cr13

1.4028

420

<740
　
15

X6Cr17

1.4016

430

440...590

255

20

X3CrTi17

1.4510

439

430...630

205

20

X2CrTiNb18

14509

441

430/630

250

20

X2CrNiMoN22-5-3

1.4462

duplex

640...880

480

25

Austenitic 3-series (3.04, 316...) - non-magnetic
Ferritic and martensitic 4-series (405, 439...), magnetic, not intended for heath treatment

Cast iron

R_m

R_e

A

E-modulus

name

MPa

MPa

%

GPa

EN-GJL-150

150...250

100...165

0.8...0.3

78...103

EN-GJL-200

200...300

130...195

0.8...0.3

88...113

EN-GJL-250

250...350

165...230

0.8...0.3

103...118

EN-GJL-300

300...400

195...260

0.8...0.3

108...137

EN-GJS-350-22-LT

350...400

220...280

30...22

160...185

EN-GJS-400-18-LT

400...450

250...300

27...18

160...185

EN-GJS-400-15

400...550

250...350

27...15

160...185

EN-GJS-450-10

450...600

310...410

20...10

160...185

EN-GJS-500-7

500...650

320...420

18...7

160...185

EN-GJS-600-3

600...750

370...480

8...3

160...185

EN-GJS-700-2

700...850

420...600

6...2

160...185

EN-GJS-800-2

800...1000

480...750

4...2

160...185

GJL (old GG), grey cast iron with lamellar graphite - the 250 and 300 are hard wearing. GJS (old GGG), grey cast iron with nodular graphite - high ductility, for heath treatment, from 500 hard wearing

Spring steel

Material

nr

R_m [MPa]

E [GPa]

G [GPa]

Spring steel (Music wire)

1.1200

2220 - 820 log d

206

815

Stainless steel (ANSI 301)

1.4310

0.85(2220 - 820 log d)

190

73

The mechanical properties relate to the diameter of the wire. As a rule of thumb Rm=2220 - 820 log d, according EN 10270-1-SH for steel nr. 1.1200. For stainless steel 1.4310 the tensile strength is 15% less, according EN 10270-3-NS. The max bending stress is taken 0.7Rm, the max torsional stress 0.4Rm, when statically loaded. Statically loaded is defined for up to 20 to 50 thousand load cycles. The max stress is taken 40% less when loaded for more than 10 million load cycles.

Bearing steels

material Untreated Quenched and tempered

name nr Rm [MPa] Re [MPa] Rm [MPa] Re [MPa]

100Cr2 1.3501

100Cr6 1.3505

100CrMn6 1.3520

16CrNoMo6 1.3531

19MnCr5 1.3523

44Cr2 1.3561

Bearing bronze

Bronze

EN

R_e

R_m

HB

oil lubricated

CuSn7ZnPb

2.1090

120

270

>70

general bearing bronze

Cu Sn12

2.1052

140

280

>90

tin bronze for high load

CuSn12Pb

2.1061

140

280

>85

lead bronze, improved slide ability

CuSn12Ni

2.1060

170

300

>90

with nickel, for worm gears

CuPb15Sn

2.1182

110

220

>65

soft, suitable for water lubrication

Shaft-hardness >HB165, shaft material E335, roughness Ra<1µm, p_max<10MPa (<0.2m/s)

Un-alloyed carbon steel

Grade
　
UTS [MPa]

0.2% YS [MPa]

EN

e³⁾　 ≤16

e³⁾　> 16

e³⁾　< 3

e³⁾　 ≥3

S235JR

1.0037

235

225

360 - 510

360 - 510

S235J0

1.0114

235

225

360 - 510

360 - 510

S235J2　

1.0116

235

225

360 - 510

340 - 470

S275JR

1.0044

275

265

430 - 580

410 - 560

S275J0

1.0143

275

265

430 - 580

410 - 560

S275J2

1.0144

275

265

430 - 580

410 - 560

S355JR

1.0045

355

345

510 - 680

470 - 630

S355J0

1.0553

355

345

510 - 680

470 - 630

S355J2　

1.0570

355

345

510 - 680

470 - 630

S355K2　

1.0595

355

345

510 - 680

470 - 630

E295

1.0050

295

285

490 - 660

470 - 610

E335

1.0060

335

325

590 - 770

570 - 710

E360

1.0070

360

355

690 - 900

670 - 830

S235...S355: structural parts, good weld ability and cutting.
E295...E360: drive shafts, wear parts in natural hardness.

Stainless steel (RVS)

Grade

UTS

0.2% YS

DIN

EN
　
MPa

MPa

%

X10CrNi18-8

1.4310

301

500...740

195...205

35...40

X8CrNiS-18-9

1.4305

303

500...700

190

35

X5CrNi18-10

1.4301

304

540...750

230

45

2CrNi19-11

1.4306

304L

520...660

250

45

2CrNi18-9

1.4307

304L

520...670

220

45

X5CrNiMo17-12-2

1.4401

316

540...680

195...205

35...40

X3CrNiMo17-13-3

1.4436

316

550...700

240

40

X2CrNiMo17-13-2

1.4404

316L

520...660

195

40

X2CrNiMo18-14-3

1.4435

316L

500...700

200

45

X6CrNiMoTi1712-2

1.4571

316Ti

540...680

215

40

X6CrNiTi18-10

1.4541

321

540...680

205

40

X12Cr13

1.4006

410

<600
　
20

X20Cr13

1.4021

420

<700
　
15

X30Cr13

1.4028

420

<740
　
15

X6Cr17

1.4016

430

440...590

255

20

X3CrTi17

1.4510

439

430...630

205

20

X2CrTiNb18

14509

441

430/630

250

20

X2CrNiMoN22-5-3

1.4462

duplex

640...880

480

25

Austenitic 3-series (3.04, 316...) - non magnetic
Ferritic and martensitic 4-series (405, 439...), magnetic, suitable for heath treatment

Cast iron

Grade

Rm

0.2% YS

E-modulus

　

MPa

MPa

%

GPa

EN-GJL-150

150...250

100...165

0.8...0.3

78...103

EN-GJL-200

200...300

130...195

0.8...0.3

88...113

EN-GJL-250

250...350

165...230

0.8...0.3

103...118

EN-GJL-300

300...400

195...260

0.8...0.3

108...137

EN-GJS-350-22-LT

350...400

220...280

30...22

160...185

EN-GJS-400-18-LT

400...450

250...300

27...18

160...185

EN-GJS-400-15

400...550

250...350

27...15

160...185

EN-GJS-450-10

450...600

310...410

20...10

160...185

EN-GJS-500-7

500...650

320...420

18...7

160...185

EN-GJS-600-3

600...750

370...480

8...3

160...185

EN-GJS-700-2

700...850

420...600

6...2

160...185

EN-GJS-800-2

800...1000

480...750

4...2

160...185

GJL (old GG), grey cast iron with lamellar graphite - the 250 and 300 have very good wear resistance. GJS (old GGG), grey cast iron with nodular graphite - high ductility, suitable for heat treatment, from 500 hard wearing, gears

Material properties and identification of fasteners

Material Rm [MPa]

Austenitic RVS
A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 500 - soft
700 - work hardened
800 - work hardened

Martensitic RVS
C1 500 - soft
700 -
1100

CU1
CU2
CU3
CU4
CU5
CU6
CU7 240
440
440
470
590
440
640

Relationships between Shear strength and tensile strength

Material Shearing Yielding

Wrought Steel & alloy steel UST ≈ 0,75 x UTS SSY ≈ 0,58 x YS

Ductile iron UST ≈ 0,90 x UTS SSY ≈ 0,75 x YS

Malleable iron -Pearlitic UST ≈ 1,0 x UTS -

Wrought iron UST ≈ 0,83 x UTS -

Cast iron UST ≈ 1,3 x UTS -

Copper & alloys UST ≈ 0,65 x UTS -

Aluminium & alloys UST ≈ 0,65 x UTS SSY ≈ 0,55 x YS

UTS Ultimate tensile stress

UST Ultimate shear stress

SSY Shear stress yield

YS Tensile yield stress

Cold Rolled Drawing Qualities ( Mild Steel )

Euronorm

Germany

USA

EN 10139

DIN 1624

BS 1449

ASTM

%Mn

%Si

%Al

%Cr

%other

DC04

St4

CS1

SAE 1006

.03 - .06

.18 - .40

.02 max

.02 - .06

DC04/DC03

St4/RRSt3

CS1/CS3

SAE 1006

.04 - .08

.40 max

.03 max

.02 max

.02 - .06

DC01

St2

CS4

SAE 1010

.08 - .13

.30 - .40

.03 max

.02 - .06

SAE 1018

.14 - .17

.60 - .80

.15 - .25

.02 max

.025 max

.02 - .09

Steel Grades for Forming

Euronorm

Germany

USA

EN 10111

Din 1614

BS1449

%Mn

%Si

%Al

%Cr

%other

DD14

SAE 1006

0.08max

0.35max

0.025max

DD13

RStW24

HR1

SAE 1006

0.08max

0.40max

0.030max

DD12

RStW23

HR2

SAE 1010

0.10max

0.45max

0.035max

DD11

StW22

HR3/HR4

SAE 1010

0.12max

0.60max

0.045max

Structural Steels

Euronorm

Germany

USA

EN10025

Din 17100

BS4360

ASTM

%Mn

%Si

Yield min

Tensile

S235

40A

A283C

0.22 max

1.60 max

0.50 max

.050 max

S235JR

Rst37-2

40B

S275

43A

A570Gr40

0.25 max

1.60 max

0.50 max

.050 max

245

430/510

S275

St44-2

43B

S355

50A

A572Gr50

S355JR

50B

S355JO

St52-3U

50C

0.22 max

1.60 max

0.60 max

0.40 max

0.040 max

490/620

Micro-Alloyed Steels

Euronorm

Germany

USA

%Mn

other*

Min Yield N mm²

Tensile N mm²

EN10149

SEW092

BS1449

SAEJ1392

With Nb. Ti. or V as grain refining element

S315MC

QSTE 340TM

40/30

045XLK

.12 max

1.30max

315

390-510

S355MC

QSTE 380TM

43/35

050XLK

.12 max

1.50max

355

430-550

S420MC

QSTE 420M

46/40

060XLK

12 max

1.20 max

S460ML

QSTE 500TM

50/45

.12 max

1.60 max

460

520-670

S550MC

QSTE 550TM

60/55

080XLK

There are numerous branded Micro-alloyed or high strength steels including Corus (Tenform),

Carbon Steels For Quenching and Tempering

Euronorm

Germany

USA

EN 10132 - 3

DIN 17200

BS 1449

ASTM

%Mn

%Si

%Al

%Cr

%other

C22E

CK2/C22

SAE 1020

.18 - .22

.60 - .70

.10 - .35

.02 max

.03 max

.01 max

C35E

CK35/C35

SAE 1035

.33 - .38

.50 - .70

.10 - .35

.010 max

.02 max

.02 - .06

.20 - .27

C40E

CK40/C40

CS40

SAE 1040

.37 - .42

.60 - .75

.15 - .25

.015 max

.02 max

.05 max

.25 - .35

CS40

SAE 1043

.40 - .45

.70 - .90

.10 - .35

.010 max

.02 max

.02 - .06

.20 - .30

C50E

CK45/C45

CS50

SAE 1050

.45 - .50

.65 - .80

.10 - .35

.010 max

.02 max

.02 - .06

.22 - .30

C60E

CK60/C60

SAE 1055

.57 - .61

.60 - .90

.15 - .30

.008 max

.02 max

.02 - .06

.25 - .35

Case Hardening Steels

Euronorm

Germany

USA

EN 10132 - 2

DIN 17210

BS 1449

ASTM

%Mn

%Si

%Al

%Cr

%other

C10E

CK10/C10

CS12

SAE 1010

.10 - .13

.40 - .60

.15 - .25

.008 max

.02 max

.01 max

16MnCr5

.14 - .19

1.0 - 1.3

.40 max

.02 max

.015 max

.80 - .11

Carbon Steels for Heat Treatment

Euronorm

Germany

USA

EN 10132 - 4

DIN 17222

BS 1449

SAE J403

%Mn

%Si

%Al

%Cr

%other

CK 50

CS50

SAE1050

.45-.55

.50-.90

.05-.35

.040 max

.045 max

C67S

CK67/C67

CS70

SAE 1070

.68 - .73

.60 - .85

.15 - .25

.01 max

.02 max

.20 - .30

C75S

CK75/C75

CS70

SAE 1074

.70 - .75

.60 - .80

.15 - .30

.025 max

.02 - .05

.20 - .30

C85S

CK85

CS80

SAE 1085

.80 - .90

.40 - .70

.15 - .35

.025 max

.40 max

CK101

CS95

SAE 1095

.90-1.00

.30-.60

.05-.35

.025 max

Boron Steels

Euronorm

Germany

USA

EN 10083

DIN 1624

BS 1449

ASTM J1268

%Mn

%Si

%Al

%Cr

%Boron

22Mnb5

22B2

.22/.25

1.20/1.40

0.20/0.30

.004 max

.025 max

.0,15-0,35

.002.0035

30MnB5

28B2

15B30

.27/.33

1.15/1.45

0.20/0.30

.004 max

.025 max

.0,15-0,35

.0010/.0050

There are a number of branded variations on boron grades including

An excellent link to alloy steels

Alloy Steels

Uni 7845

Germany

USA

DIN

SAE

%Mn

%Si

%Al

%Cr

16MnCr5

5120H

.13-0.19

1.0-1.3

.15-.40

.030 max

.80-1.1

50CrV4

50CV4

735A50

6150

.47-0.55

0.70-1.10

0.15-0.40

.035 max

.10-.20

42CrMo4

2CrMo4

4140

.38 - .45

.60 - .90

.40 max

.035 max

0.90 - 1.20

15CrMo5

.12 - .18

.80 - 1.10

.15 - .40

.015 max

.025 max

.05 max

0.90 - 1.20

100Cr6

52100

.95 - 1.10

.25 - .45

.15 - .35

.025 max

.030 max

1.35 - 1.65

25CrMo4

.22 - .29

.60 - .90

.40 max

.035 max

.90 - 1.20

30CrMo4

4130

.27-.34

.40-.70

.15-.40

.035 max

.90-1.10

BS EN 10083-1 :1991 Quenched and Tempered Steels

Name	Number	Name	Number	Name	Number	Name	Number

C22E	1.1151	C45E	1.1191	38CrS2	1.7023	25CrMoS4	1.7213
C22R	1.1149	C45R	1.1201	46Cr2	1.7006	34CrMo4	1.722
C25E	1.1158	C50E	1.1206	46CrS2	1.7025	34CrMoS4	1.7226
C25R	1.1163	C50R	1.1245	34Cr4	1.7033	42CrMo4	1.7225
C30E	1.1178	C55E	1.1203	34CrS4	1.7037	42CrMoS4	1.7227
C30R	1.1179	C55R	1.1209	37Cr4	1.7034	50CrMo4	1.7228
C35E	1.1181	C60E	1.1221	37CrS4	1.7038	36CrNiMo4	1.6511
C35R	1.118	C60R	1.1223	41Cr4	1.7035	34CrNiMo6	1.6582
C40E	1.1186	28Mn6	1.117	41CrS4	1.7039	30CrNiMo8	1.658
C40R	1.1189	38Cr2	1.7003	25CrMo4	1.7218	36NiCrMo16	1.6773
						51CrV4	18,159

Pressing and Drawing Qualities
Euronorm	France	Germany	UK	USA
EN10130	NFA 37-501	DIN 1624	BS 1449	ASTM
DC04	F14	St4	CS1 / CR1	SAE 1006
DC04/DC03	F14/F13	St4/RRSt3	CS1/CS3	SAE 1006
DC01	F12	St2	CS4 / CR4	SAE 1010
-	-	-	-	SAE 1018
Structural Steels
Euronorm	France	Germany	UK	USA
EN10025	NFA 35-501	Din 17100	BS4360	ASTM
S235			40A	A283C
S235JR	E24-2	Rst37-2	40B
S275			43A	A570Gr40
S275	E28-2	St44-2	43B
S355			50A	A572Gr50
S355JR			50B
S355JO		St52-3U	50C
Micro-Alloyed Steels
Euronorm	France	Germany	UK	USA
EN10149	NFA36-231	SEW092	BS1449	SAEJ1392
S315MC	E315D	QSTE 340TM	40/30	045XLK
S355MC	E355D	QSTE 380TM	43/35	050XLK
S420MC	E420D	QSTE 420M	46/40	060XLK
S460ML	E490D	QSTE 500TM	50/45
S550MC	E560D	QSTE 550TM	60/55	080XLK
Hypress	Corus branded high strength low alloy
Tenform	Corus branded high strength low alloy
Domex	SSAB branded high strength low alloy

Carbon Steels For Quenching and Tempering
Euronorm	France	Germany	UK	USA
EN 10132 - 3	NFA 37-502/3/4	DIN 17200	BS 1449	ASTM
C22E	XC18	CK2/C22	-	SAE 1021
C35E	XC38	CK35/C35	-	SAE 1035
C40E	-	CK40/C40	CS40	SAE 1040
-	-	-	CS40	SAE 1043
C50E	XC45	CK45/C45	CS50	SAE 1049
C60E	XC60	CK60/C60	-	SAE 1055
Case Hardening Steels
Euronorm	France	Germany	UK	USA
EN 10132 - 2	NFA 37-503	DIN 17210	BS 1449	ASTM
C10E	XC10	CK10/C10	CS12	SAE 1010
C15	XC18		CS20/CS17
			CS30
16MnCr5	16MC5	16MnCr5	-	-
Carbon Steels for Heat Treatment
Euronorm	France	Germany	UK	USA
EN 10132 - 4	NFA 37-502/4	DIN 17222	BS 1449	SAE
	XC50	CK 50	CS50	SAE1050
C67S	XC68	CK67/C67	CS70	SAE 1070
C75S	XC75	CK75/C75	CS70	SAE 1074
C85S	XC90	CK85	CS80	SAE 1084
	XC100	CK101	CS95	SAE 1095
Alloy Steels
Euronorm	France	Germany	UK	USA
EN	NFA	DIN	BS 1449	SAE
16MnCr5				5120H
10132-4 51 CrV4	37 - 502/4 50CrV4	17222 50CrV4		6150
10132-3 25CrMo4	37-502/3/4 25CD4	17200 5CrMo4	-	4130
10132-3 42CrMo4	37-502/3/4 42CD4	17200 2CrMo4	-	4140
50Cr4V2		55Sc7		SAE 9260
-	NF EN10213-2 Gx15CrMo5	-	-	-
ISO4957 100Cr6	-	17350 100Cr6	-	-

Micro-Alloyed Steels A micro-alloyed steel can be defined as a carbon-manganese steel containing deliberately added alloying elements totalling only 0.05 to 0.10%. Alloying elements which are effective in modifying steel properties when present in such small amounts include boron, vanadium and niobium and boron in even lesser amounts (0.005% /0.003%). Micro-alloyed steels are manufactured in Large tonnages for high pressure pipelines in the petroleum industry and automotive forgings. A major advantage of these steels is that in the case of forgings, careful control of forge processing temperatures can eliminate subsequent heat treatment. This is a major cost advantage particularly with certain automotive components. Mechanical properties developed by controlled hot working conditions are similar to those developed by conventional hardening and tempering treatments for components where strength and toughness are required

Certificate & Inspection : c/w Calibration Works Certificate EN10204 3.1/DIN 50049 3.1/ISO 10474 Mill Test Report, NACE MR-01-03/NACE MR-01-75/ISO-15156, CE Marked, European Pressure Equipment Directive PED 97/23/EC, AD 2000-WO, ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code Section-II Part-A Edition 2008, API 6A, with 3.2 certificate duly certified & approved by LRS-Lloyd's Register, GL-Germanischer Lloyd, BV-Bureau Veritas, DNV-Det Norske Veritas, ABS-American Bureau of Shipping, SGS, TUV, RINA, IRS (Indian Register of Shipping), Class NK (Nippon Kaiji Kyokai), KR (Korean Register of Shipping), NORSOK APPROVED STANDARD M630, M650 Rev.3

Regards,

CONTACT PERSON :

MUKESH SHAH
Director
Mobile No. 0091 - 9820292499
Email - marketing@rolexmetals.com

ROLEX METAL DISTRIBUTORS
( A METAL & STEEL Company )
57-A, KHATARGALLI,
THAKURDWAR,
MUMBAI - 400002, INDIA.
TEL.No. 0091-22-23858802
TEL.No. 0091-22-23823963
FAX No. 0091-22-23898724
Email - marketing@rolexmetals.com
Website – www.rolexmetals.com

CHAIRMAN – chairman@rolexmetals.com

MANAGING DIRECTOR – managingdirector@rolexmetals.com

TECHNICAL DIRECTOR – technicaldirector@rolexmetals.com

SALES DIRECTOR – salesdirector@rolexmetals.com

COMMERCIAL DIRECTOR – commercialdirector@rolexmetals.com

COMMERCIAL MANAGER – commercial@rolexmetals.com

GENERAL MANAGER – generalmanager@rolexmetals.com

SALES MANAGER – salesmanager@rolexmetals.com

PURCHASE MANAGER – purchasemanager@rolexmetals.com

TECHNICAL MANAGER – technical@rolexmetals.com

WORKS MANAGER – worksmanager@rolexmetals.com

STORES MANAGER – stores@rolexmetals.com

WAREHOUSE MANAGER – warehouse@rolexmetals.com

SALES DOMESTIC – salesdomestic@rolexmetals.com

SALES INTERNATIONAL – salesinternational@rolexmetals.com

SALES GENERAL – sales@rolexmetals.com

PURCHASE GENERAL – purchase@rolexmetals.com

FINANCE MANAGER – finance@rolexmetals.com

ACCOUNTS MANAGER – accounts@rolexmetals.com

GENERAL INFORMATION – info@rolexmetals.com

EXPORT MANAGER – export@rolexmetals.com

IMPORT MANAGER – import@rolexmetals.com

AIR EXPORT – airexport@rolexmetals.com

SEA EXPORT – seaexport@rolexmetals.com

CUSTOMS – customs@rolexmetals.com

AIR FREIGHT – airfreight@rolexmetals.com

SEA FREIGHT – seafreight@rolexmetals.com

DESPATCH – despatch@rolexmetals.com

INSPECTION – inspection@rolexmetals.com

LOGISTICS – logistics@rolexmetals.com

TRANSPORT – transport@rolexmetals.com

KALAMBOLI WAREHOUSE – kalamboli@rolexmetals.com

TALOJA WAREHOUSE – taloja@rolexmetals.com

KHOPOLI WAREHOUSE – khopoli@rolexmetals.com

NHAVA SHEVA WAREHOUSE – nhavasheva@rolexmetals.com

KANDLA WAREHOUSE – kandla@rolexmetals.com

MUMBAI WAREHOUSE – mumbai@rolexmetals.com

STOCKYARD – stockyard@rolexmetals.com

SERVICE – service@rolexmetals.com

SUPPORT – support@rolexmetals.com

RECRUITMENT – career@rolexmetals.com

WEBMASTER – webmaster@rolexmetals.com

CUSTOMER CARE – customercare@rolexmetals.com

Structural steel hot-rolled, non-alloy, normalized, weldable fine grain
material		R_e [MPa]					R_m [MPa]	A
name	nr	d<16	≤40	≤63	≤80	≤100	≤100	%
S275N	1.0490	275	265	255	245	235	370-510	23-24
S275NL	1.0491	275	265	255	245	235	370-510	23-24
S355N	1.0545	355	345	335	325	315	470-630	21-22
S355NL	1.0546	355	345	335	325	315	470-630	21-22
S420N	1.8902	420	400	390	370	360	520-680	18-19
S420NL	1.8912	420	400	390	370	360	520-680	18-19
S460N	1.8901	460	440	430	410	400	540-720	17
S460NL	1.8903	460	440	430	410	400	540-720	17

Structural steel thermo-mechanically rolled, weldable fine grain
material		R_e [MPa]					R_m [MPa]				A
name	nr	<16	≤40	≤63	≤80	≤100	≤40	≤63	≤80	≤100	%
S275M	1.8818	275	265	255	245	245	370-530	360-520	350-510	350-510	24
S275ML	1.8819	275	265	255	245	245	370-530	360-520	350-510	350-510	24
S355M	1.8823	355	345	335	325	325	470-630	450-610	440-600	440-600	22
S355ML	1.8834	355	345	335	325	325	470-630	450-610	440-600	440-600	22
S420M	1.8825	420	400	390	380	370	520-680	500-660	480-640	470-630	19
S420ML	1.8836	420	400	390	380	370	520-680	500-660	480-640	470-630	19
S460M	1.8827	460	440	430	410	400	540-720	530-710	510-690	500-680	17
S460ML	1.8838	460	440	430	410	400	540-720	530-710	510-690	500-680	17

Free cutting steel not intended for heath treatment
name	nr	Diam [mm]	Hardness [HB]	Rm [MPa]
11SMn30 11SMNPb30 11SMn37 11SMnPb37	1.0715 1.0718 1.0736 1.0737	5≤10	-	380-570
		10 < d ≤16	-	380-570
		16 < d ≤40	112-169	380-570
		40 < d ≤63	109-169	370-570
		63 < d ≤100	107-154	360-520

Free cutting steel case hardening steel, untreated
name	nr	Diam [mm]	Hardness HB	Rm [MPa]
10S20 10SPb20	1.0721 1.0722	5≤10	-	360-530
		10 < d ≤16	-	360-530
		16 < d ≤40	107-156	360-530
		40 < d ≤63	107-156	360-530
		6 3 < d ≤100	105-146	350-490
15SMn13	1.0725	5≤10	-	430-610
		10 < d ≤16	-	430-600
		16 < d ≤40	128-178	430-600
		40 < d ≤63	128-172	430-580
		6 3 < d ≤100	125-160	420-540

Free cutting steel direct hardening steel
			Untreated		Quenched and Tempered
material		Diam d	Hardness	Rm	R_e	R_m	A
name	nr	mm	HB	[MPa]	MPa	MPa	%min
35S20 35SPb20	1.0726 1.0756	5 ≤ d ≤10	-	550-720	430	630-780	15
		10 < d ≤16	-	550-700	430	630-780	15
		16 < d ≤40	154-201	520-680	380	600-750	16
		40 < d ≤63	154-198	520-670	320	550-700	17
		63 < d ≤100	149-193	500-650	320	550-700	17
36SMn14 36SMnPb14	1.0764 1.0765	5≤10	-	580-770	480	700-850	14
		10 < d ≤16	-	580-770	460	700-850	14
		16 < d ≤40	166-222	560-750	420	670-820	15
		40 < d ≤63	166-219	560-740	400	640-790	16
		63 < d ≤100	163-219	550-740	360	570-720	17
38SMn28 38SMnPb28	1.0760 1.0761	5≤10	-	580-780	480	700-850	15
		10 < d ≤16	-	580-750	460	700-850	15
		16 < d ≤40	166-216	560-730	420	700-850	15
		40 < d ≤63	166-216	560-730	400	700-850	16
		63 < d ≤100	163-207	550-700	380	630-800	16
44SMn28 44SMnPb28	1.0762 1.0763	5≤10	-	630-900	520	700-850	16
		10 < d ≤16	-	630-850	480	700-850	16
		16 < d ≤40	187-242	630-820	420	700-850	16
		40 < d ≤63	184-235	620-790	410	700-850	16
		63 < d ≤100	181-231	610-780	400	700-850	16
46S20 46SPb20	1.0727 1.0757	5≤10	-	590-800	490	700-850	12
		10 < d ≤16	-	590-780	490	700-850	12
		16 < d ≤40	175-225	590-760	430	650-800	13
		40 < d ≤63	172-216	580-730	370	630-780	14
		63 < d ≤100	166-211	560-710	370	630-780	14

Steels for quenching and tempering (quenched and tempered) non-alloy quality steel
		d <16　 t =<8			16 < d = < 40 8 < t = < 20
material		R_e	R_m	A	R_e	R_m	A
name	nr	MPa	MPa	%	MPa	MPa	%
C35	1.0501	430	630-780	17	380	600-750	19
C40	1.0511	460	650-800	16	400	630-780	18
C45	1.0503	490	700-850	14	430	650-800	16
C55	1.0535	550	800-950	12	490	750-900	14
C60	1.0601	580	850-1000	11	520	800-950	13
Special steels
C22E	1.1151	340	500-650	20	290	470-620	22
C35E	1.1181	430	630-780	17	380	600-750	19
C40E	1.1186	460	650-800	16	400	630-780	18
C45E	1.1191	490	700-850	14	430	650-800	16
C50E	1.1206	520	750-900	13	460	700-850	15
C55E	1.1203	550	800-950	12	490	750-900	14
C60E	1.1221	580	850-1000	11	520	800-950	13
28Mn6	1.1170	590	800-950	13	490	700-850	15

Steels for quenching and tempering (Normalized) non-alloy quality steel
		d <16 t =< 16			16 < d = < 100 16 < t = < 100			100 < d = < 250 100 < t = < 250
material		R_e	R_m	A	R_e	R_m	A	R_e	R_m	A
name	nr	MPa	MPa	%	MPa	MPa	%	MPa	MPa	%
C35	1.0501	300	550	18	270	520	19	245	500	19
C40	1.0511	320	580	16	290	550	17	260	530	17
C45	1.0503	340	620	14	305	580	16	275	560	16
C55	1.0535	370	680	11	330	640	12	300	620	12
C60	1.0601	380	710	10	340	670	11	310	650	11
Special Steels
C22E	1.1151	240	430	24	210	410	25	-	-	-
C35E	1.1181	300	550	18	270	520	19	245	500	19
C40E	1.1186	320	580	16	290	550	17	260	530	17
C45E	1.1191	340	620	14	305	580	16	275	560	16
C50E	1.1206	355	650	13	320	610	14	290	590	14
C55E	1.1203	370	680	11	330	640	12	300	620	12
C60E	1.1221	380	710	10	340	670	11	310	650	11
28Mn6	1.1170	345	630	17	310	600	18	290	590	18

Alloy steel (quenched and tempered)
		d <16 t =<8			16 < d = < 40 8 < t = < 20
material		R_e	R_m	A	R_e	R_m	A
name	nr	MPa	MPa	%	MPa	MPa	%
38Cr2	1.7003	550	800-950	14	450	700-850	15
46Cr2	1.7006	650	900-1100	12	550	800-950	14
34Cr4	1.7033	700	900-1100	12	590	800-950	14
34CrS4	1.7037	700	900-1100	12	590	800-950	14
37Cr4	1.7034	750	950-1150	11	630	850-1000	13
37CrS4	1.7038	750	950-1150	11	630	850-1000	13
41Cr4	1.7035	800	1000-1200	11	660	900-1100	12
41CrS4	1.7039	800	1000-1200	11	660	900-1100	12
25CrMo4	1.7218	700	900-1100	12	600	800-950	14
25CrMoS4	1.7213	700	900-1100	12	600	800-950	14
34CrMo4	1.7220	800	1000-1200	11	650	900-1100	12
34CrMoS4	1.7226	800	1000-1200	11	650	900-1100	12
42CrMo4	1.7225	900	1100-1300	10	750	1000-1200	11
42CrMoS4	1.7227	900	1100-1300	10	750	1000-1200	11
50CrMo4	1.7228	900	1100-1300	9	780	1000-1200	10
34CrNiMo6	1.6582	1000	1200-1400	9	900	1100-1300	10
30CrNiMo6	1.6580	1050	1250-1450	9	1050	1250-1450	9
35NiCr6	1.5815	740	880-1080	12	740	880-1080	14
36NICrMo16	1.6773	1050	1250-1450	9	1050	1250-1450	9
39NiCrMo3	1.6510	785	980-1180	11	735	930-1130	11
30NiCrMo16-16	1.6747	880	1080-1230	10	880	1080-1230	10
51CrV4	1.8159	900	1100-1300	9	800	1000-1200	10
20MnB5	1.5530	700	900-1050	14	600	750-900	15
30MnB5	1.5531	800	950-1150	13	650	800-950	13
38MnB5	1.5532	900	1050- 1250	12	700	850-1050	12
27MnCrB5-2	1.7182	800	1000-1250	14	750	900-1150	14
33MnCrB5-2	1.7185	850	1050 1300	13	800	950-1200	13
39MnCrB5-2	1.7189	900	1100-1350	12	850	1050-1250	12

Stainless steel (selection)
Material			R_m	R_e	A
name	nr	ANSI	MPa	MPa	%
X10CrNi18-8	1.4310	301	500...740	195...205	35...40
X8CrNiS-18-9	1.4305	303	500...700	190	35
X5CrNi18-10	1.4301	304	540...750	230	45
2CrNi19-11	1.4306	304L	520...660	250	45
2CrNi18-9	1.4307	304L	520...670	220	45
X5CrNiMo17-12-2	1.4401	316	540...680	195...205	35...40
X3CrNiMo17-13-3	1.4436	316	550...700	240	40
X2CrNiMo17-13-2	1.4404	316L	520...660	195	40
X2CrNiMo18-14-3	1.4435	316L	500...700	200	45
X6CrNiMoTi1712-2	1.4571	316Ti	540...680	215	40
X6CrNiTi18-10	1.4541	321	540...680	205	40
X12Cr13	1.4006	410	<600		20
X20Cr13	1.4021	420	<700		15
X30Cr13	1.4028	420	<740		15
X6Cr17	1.4016	430	440...590	255	20
X3CrTi17	1.4510	439	430...630	205	20
X2CrTiNb18	14509	441	430/630	250	20
X2CrNiMoN22-5-3	1.4462	duplex	640...880	480	25

Cast iron
	R_m	R_e	A	E-modulus
name	MPa	MPa	%	GPa
EN-GJL-150	150...250	100...165	0.8...0.3	78...103
EN-GJL-200	200...300	130...195	0.8...0.3	88...113
EN-GJL-250	250...350	165...230	0.8...0.3	103...118
EN-GJL-300	300...400	195...260	0.8...0.3	108...137
EN-GJS-350-22-LT	350...400	220...280	30...22	160...185
EN-GJS-400-18-LT	400...450	250...300	27...18	160...185
EN-GJS-400-15	400...550	250...350	27...15	160...185
EN-GJS-450-10	450...600	310...410	20...10	160...185
EN-GJS-500-7	500...650	320...420	18...7	160...185
EN-GJS-600-3	600...750	370...480	8...3	160...185
EN-GJS-700-2	700...850	420...600	6...2	160...185
EN-GJS-800-2	800...1000	480...750	4...2	160...185

Spring steel
Material	nr	R_m [MPa]	E [GPa]	G [GPa]
Spring steel (Music wire)	1.1200	2220 - 820 log d	206	815
Stainless steel (ANSI 301)	1.4310	0.85(2220 - 820 log d)	190	73

Bearing steels
material		Untreated		Quenched and tempered
name	nr	Rm [MPa]	Re [MPa]	Rm [MPa]	Re [MPa]
100Cr2	1.3501
100Cr6	1.3505
100CrMn6	1.3520
16CrNoMo6	1.3531
19MnCr5	1.3523
44Cr2	1.3561

Bearing bronze
Bronze	EN	R_e	R_m	HB	oil lubricated
CuSn7ZnPb	2.1090	120	270	>70	general bearing bronze
Cu Sn12	2.1052	140	280	>90	tin bronze for high load
CuSn12Pb	2.1061	140	280	>85	lead bronze, improved slide ability
CuSn12Ni	2.1060	170	300	>90	with nickel, for worm gears
CuPb15Sn	2.1182	110	220	>65	soft, suitable for water lubrication
Shaft-hardness >HB165, shaft material E335, roughness Ra<1µm, p_max<10MPa (<0.2m/s)

Un-alloyed carbon steel
Grade		UTS [MPa]		0.2% YS [MPa]
	EN	e³⁾　 ≤16	e³⁾　> 16	e³⁾　< 3	e³⁾　 ≥3
S235JR	1.0037	235	225	360 - 510	360 - 510
S235J0	1.0114	235	225	360 - 510	360 - 510
S235J2	1.0116	235	225	360 - 510	340 - 470
S275JR	1.0044	275	265	430 - 580	410 - 560
S275J0	1.0143	275	265	430 - 580	410 - 560
S275J2	1.0144	275	265	430 - 580	410 - 560
S355JR	1.0045	355	345	510 - 680	470 - 630
S355J0	1.0553	355	345	510 - 680	470 - 630
S355J2	1.0570	355	345	510 - 680	470 - 630
S355K2	1.0595	355	345	510 - 680	470 - 630
E295	1.0050	295	285	490 - 660	470 - 610
E335	1.0060	335	325	590 - 770	570 - 710
E360	1.0070	360	355	690 - 900	670 - 830

Stainless steel (RVS)
Grade			UTS	0.2% YS
DIN	EN		MPa	MPa	%
X10CrNi18-8	1.4310	301	500...740	195...205	35...40
X8CrNiS-18-9	1.4305	303	500...700	190	35
X5CrNi18-10	1.4301	304	540...750	230	45
2CrNi19-11	1.4306	304L	520...660	250	45
2CrNi18-9	1.4307	304L	520...670	220	45
X5CrNiMo17-12-2	1.4401	316	540...680	195...205	35...40
X3CrNiMo17-13-3	1.4436	316	550...700	240	40
X2CrNiMo17-13-2	1.4404	316L	520...660	195	40
X2CrNiMo18-14-3	1.4435	316L	500...700	200	45
X6CrNiMoTi1712-2	1.4571	316Ti	540...680	215	40
X6CrNiTi18-10	1.4541	321	540...680	205	40
X12Cr13	1.4006	410	<600		20
X20Cr13	1.4021	420	<700		15
X30Cr13	1.4028	420	<740		15
X6Cr17	1.4016	430	440...590	255	20
X3CrTi17	1.4510	439	430...630	205	20
X2CrTiNb18	14509	441	430/630	250	20
X2CrNiMoN22-5-3	1.4462	duplex	640...880	480	25

Material properties and identification of fasteners
*Material*	*Rm [MPa]*
Austenitic RVS A1, A2, A3, A4, A5	500 - soft 700 - work hardened 800 - work hardened
Martensitic RVS C1	500 - soft 700 - 1100
CU1 CU2 CU3 CU4 CU5 CU6 CU7	240 440 440 470 590 440 640

Relationships between Shear strength and tensile strength
Material	Shearing	Yielding
Wrought Steel & alloy steel	UST ≈ 0,75 x UTS	SSY ≈ 0,58 x YS
Ductile iron	UST ≈ 0,90 x UTS	SSY ≈ 0,75 x YS
Malleable iron -Pearlitic	UST ≈ 1,0 x UTS	-
Wrought iron	UST ≈ 0,83 x UTS	-
Cast iron	UST ≈ 1,3 x UTS	-
Copper & alloys	UST ≈ 0,65 x UTS	-
Aluminium & alloys	UST ≈ 0,65 x UTS	SSY ≈ 0,55 x YS

UTS	Ultimate tensile stress
UST	Ultimate shear stress
SSY	Shear stress yield
YS	Tensile yield stress